Chain of Survival
Friday, November 28th, 2008Thirty years ago, it was discovered that if a series of events took place, in a set sequence, a patient suffering from a heart attack stood a greater chance of survival. These events are now known as the ‘Chain of Survival’.

The First Link

Unresponsiveness
Loss of consciousness
Lack of pulse
Cessation of breathing
Sudden Cardiac Arrest is not the same as a heart attack.

During Sudden Cardiac Arrest, the heart twitches irregularly most often due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) and cannot pump oxygenated blood efficiently to the brain, lungs, and other organs. The victim quickly stops breathing and loses consciousness.However, prompt CPR can help sustain life during VF. The mouth-to-mouth breathing and chest compressions help oxygenated blood flow to the person’s brain and heart, until defibrillation can attempt to restore normal heart pumping.——————————————————————————–
The Third Link

Although it is an important link in the Chain of Survival, CPR alone cannot fully resuscitate a person in SCA. Early defibrillation is the third and perhaps most significant link. Most SCA victims are in ventricular fibrillation (VF), an electrical malfunction of the heart that causes the heart to twitch irregularly. Defibrillation, the delivery of an electrical shock to the heart muscle, can restore normal heart function if it occurs within minutes of SCA onset.
When CPR and defibrillation are provided within eight minutes of an episode, a person’s chance of survival increases to 20%.
When these steps are provided within four minutes and a paramedic arrives within eight minutes, the likelihood of survival increases to over 40%.

The fourth link in the Chain of Survival is advanced care. Paramedics and other highly trained medical personnel provide this care, which can include basic life support, defibrillation, administration of cardiac drugs, and the insertion of endotracheal breathing tubes. This type of advanced care can help the heart in VF respond to defibrillation and maintain a normal rhythm after successful defibrillation.
The trained medical personnel monitor the patient closely on the way to the hospital, where more definitive diagnostic evaluation can occur.




